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| Elizabeth Adela Forbes - Blackberry Gathering 1912 |
Last year’s August blog post on Jamming and
Pickling in a West Country Kitchen was really written a month too early.
Now that September is here, and the sun is shining, it is the perfect time to
pick blackberries. As I said in the earlier post, bramble jelly is my favourite
jam but I am not a fan of blackberries au
naturel (too many pips) and I don’t like blackberry and apple pie or
crumble very much. However, for those who love this pie, here is the WI’s
recipe - http://www.thewi.org.uk/what-we-do/recipes/cakes-and-desserts/apple-and-blackberry-pie
I feel it is only fitting that I include a WI recipe as this is their centenary
year and blackberries and pie-making are quintessential Women’s Institute,
speaking as they do of thrift and adding value to food for free.
Our publication, Mrs Beeton’s Jam-making and Preserves,
includes recipes for apple and blackberry jam, blackberry jam, blackberry syrup
(which I think might make a lovely Kir Royale with champagne) and the following
recipe for blackberry jelly (which is really blackberry and apple jelly):
Take 6lb. of blackberries, 6 medium-sized sour apples,
the juice of 1 lemon and ¾ of a pint of water.
Stalk the blackberries, wipe, peel, core and slice the
apples. Place the apples, water and lemon-juice into a preserving pan. Cook
until the apples are soft, then add the blackberries and continue to boil
until they are soft. Strain off the liquid through a fine hair sieve or cloth.
Do not rub the fruit, only press it lightly to extract the juice.
Wash out the pan, allow 1 lb. of sugar
to each pint of juice and boil in the pan until it will jelly if a little is
cooled on a plate. Pour it into dry, warm jars, cover, tie down, and store in a
cool place.
This beautiful weather is perfect for donning wellies,
stuffing plastic bags into coat pockets and grabbing a walking stick in order
to scour the fields for blackberries. The walking stick is not for weary legs
(although it can come in handy for that purpose too!). Instead, a ‘proper’ stick
with a curved handle is ideal for pulling down brambles that are too high to
reach. The stick is also useful for bashing nettles that are in the way and for
fending off prickly brambles that are determined to leave you with battle scars
as you rob them of their berries.
A bumper blackberry harvest is good for people but also
vital for animals trying to fatten up before winter. Domestic animals love
blackberries too. Our dog used to enjoy delicately picking and eating low
hanging blackberries when we were out foraging. Also, Mum’s pony enjoyed eating
bramble leaves when we took her out for a walk. She was old and arthriticky so
we walked her down the Dorset green lanes for exercise and fresh air. They say
that there are only a few animals (those that are particularly close to humans)
that understand and will follow a human’s pointing finger and I can confirm
that horses are one of these animals. I would point out good brambles to the
pony and she would follow my finger and move to eat the leaves that she enjoyed
so much.
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| Anton Seder - Blackberries, Raspberries, Goldfinch |
Blackberries do have health-giving properties according to
the Elizabethan herbalist John Gerard (1545 – 1612):
They
heale the eies that hang out.
The
ripe fruit is sweet, and containeth in it much juyce of a temperate heate,
therefore it is not unpleasant to be eaten
The
leaves of the Bramble boyled in water, with honey, allum, and a little white
wine added thereto, make a most excellent lotion or washing water, and the same
decoction fastneth the teeth.
Nicholas Culpeper (1616 – 1654) also has a lot to say on the
‘virtues’ of blackberries:
It
is a plant of Venus in Aries. If any ask the reason why Venus is so prickly?
Tell them it is because she is in the house of Mars. The buds, leaves, and
branches, while they are green, are of good use in the ulcers and putrid sores
of the mouth and throat, and of the quinsy [a complication of tonsillitis], and
likewise to heal other fresh wounds and sores; but the flowers and fruit unripe
are very binding, and so are profitable for the bloody flux, lasks, [diarrhoea]
and are a fit remedy for spitting of blood.
Culpeper goes on to say that the bramble is good for kidney
stones, the berries are a remedy against snake venom and the juice of the
berries helps with sores and ulcers.
I am particularly struck by the connection between brambles
and eyes. Gerard proposes that blackberries can help with ‘eies that hang out’
– really? Does he mean ‘eyes’ here? I would have thought that brambles are more
likely the cause of eyes hanging out than the remedy. After all, I have been
scratched across the face by brambles several times while out riding down green
lanes. There are also three instances of brambles causing blindness in
fairytales and legend. Rapunzel’s prince is blinded when he falls from her
tower into a bramble patch. In some versions of Sleeping Beauty the prince is
blinded by the brambles that spring up around the castle in which the princess
and her court are sleeping. Also, the mortal Bellerophon is blinded by brambles
when he falls from Pegasus after trying to ride him to Olympus, home of the
Gods – an instance of the association of blackberries with arrogance. Perhaps
Gerard is proponent of the ancient belief in ‘the hair of the dog that bit you’
– i.e. a small amount of what caused your suffering can also be part of the
cure.
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| 'Blackberries' by Raphaelle Peale, c. 1813 |
There is certainly an interesting love/hate tension
regarding blackberries, as highlighted by Culpeper when he says that it is
hardly surprising that a plant of loving Venus is prickly when it is in the
house of warmongering Mars. This is reinforced by folklore about brambles. On
the one hand they are associated with the Devil, as in the old story of Lucifer
falling into brambles when he is thrown out of heaven. This apparently happened
on Michaelmas Day (old Michaelmas Day is 11 October) and it is unlucky to
harvest blackberries after this date because the Devil cursed them and urinated
on them. It is certainly true that tannins in the fruit will accumulate over
time, making the berries bitter later in the year. Also, when it is damp, fungus
quickly spreads over the berries – as Seamus Heaney discovered (listen to his
poem at the end of this post).
On the other hand, it is said that brambles have many
healing properties and blackberry remedies are found in many cultures from the
Ancient Greeks and Native Americans to the Chinese. In magic the thorny
branches are used for protection and healing spells. Apparently, blackberries
can protect you against vampires. If you plant a bramble outside your house a
vampire won’t enter because it obsessively counts the berries and forgets to
come in and bite you. The berries are often associated with the feminine and
earthy elements – they represent abundant harvests and prosperity. Thus, the
bramble with its white flowers and black fruit, its sweet berries and ferocious
thorns, is a perfect representation of the tension between light and dark, good
and evil, and the ambiguity of male attitudes to women throughout history and
general feelings of ambiguity towards nature – provider of abundance and healing
and also savage scratcher of skin and remover of eyes. It’s a thin line between
love and hate with the blackberry.
This ambiguity and tension is beautifully captured in Seamus
Heaney’s poem Blackberry Picking –
read here by the man himself https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhBK5_zLwJY
For more blog posts from Words to the Wise visit our website at www.wordstothewise.co.uk/blog
